January 2026

1. 31 Jan2026
   Environment

   India's Ramsar tally rises to 98 with Chhari-Dhand and Patna Bird Sanctuary¹²³

   Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav announced on 30-31 January that Chhari-Dhand in Gujarat and Patna Bird Sanctuary in Uttar Pradesh had been designated Ramsar sites, taking India's total to 98 just before World Wetlands Day on 2 February.

   • Two sites announced on 30-31 January 2026 (before World Wetlands Day, 2 February)
   • Total Ramsar sites in India rises to 98
   • Chhari-Dhand: Gujarat's only Conservation Reserve, a seasonal wetland in Kutch, a stopover on the western migratory flyway
   • Patna Bird Sanctuary in Etah district, Uttar Pradesh
2. 31 Jan2026
   Sports

   Rybakina wins Australian Open women's title over Sabalenka⁴⁵⁶

   Elena Rybakina of Kazakhstan won her first Australian Open on 31 January, beating Aryna Sabalenka in three sets for her second Grand Slam title.

   • Elena Rybakina beat Aryna Sabalenka 6-4, 4-6, 6-4 in the Australian Open women's final on 31 January 2026
   • First Australian Open title and second major for Rybakina, after Wimbledon 2022
   • Rematch of the 2023 final won by Sabalenka; Sabalenka was world No. 1
3. 31 Jan2026
   International

   Coordinated Baloch Liberation Army attacks across Balochistan⁷⁸⁹

   On 31 January BLA militants staged coordinated attacks across Balochistan, killing 33 people including 18 civilians; security forces said they killed at least 92 insurgents.

   • 31 January 2026: BLA claimed coordinated suicide and gun attacks across Balochistan
   • Pakistan's military later said 33 people were killed (18 civilians, 15 security personnel) and 92 militants killed; early tallies were lower
   • Pakistan alleged Indian backing; India has previously denied such claims
4. 30 Jan2026
   Supreme Court

   Supreme Court holds menstrual health part of the right to life under Article 21¹⁰¹¹¹²

   In Dr Jaya Thakur v Union of India on 30 January a bench of Justices J.B. Pardiwala and R. Mahadevan read menstrual health into Article 21 and directed all states and UTs to provide gender-segregated toilets and free sanitary napkins in government and private schools, with de-recognition threatened for non-compliance.

   • Judgment dated 30 January 2026 in Dr Jaya Thakur v Government of India (2026 INSC 97)
   • Bench: Justices J B Pardiwala and R Mahadevan
   • Right to menstrual health read into Article 21, with Articles 14 and 21A
   • Free biodegradable sanitary napkins for girls in Classes 6-12 and functional gender-segregated toilets in schools
   • Continuing mandamus issued to the Union and states
5. 30 Jan2026
   Other

   Martyrs' Day: Mahatma Gandhi's death anniversary observed¹³¹⁴¹⁵

   India observed Martyrs' Day on 30 January with a two-minute silence on the anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi's assassination in 1948.

   • Martyrs' Day (Shaheed Diwas) was observed on 30 January 2026, the 78th death anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi
   • PM Modi, President Murmu and Vice President C.P. Radhakrishnan paid tributes at Rajghat
   • Gandhi was assassinated on 30 January 1948
6. 30 Jan2026
   Sports

   Alcaraz outlasts Zverev in longest Australian Open semifinal¹⁶¹⁷¹⁸

   Carlos Alcaraz beat Alexander Zverev in a 5-hour-27-minute semifinal on 30 January, the longest in Australian Open history, and went on to win the title in the final.

   • Semifinal on 30 January 2026: Alcaraz beat Zverev 6-4, 7-6(5), 6-7(2), 6-7(4), 7-5
   • Duration 5 hours 27 minutes, the longest Australian Open semifinal and third-longest match in tournament history
   • Alcaraz beat Novak Djokovic 2-6, 6-2, 6-3, 7-5 in the final on 1 February to win his first Australian Open title
7. 30 Jan2026
   Economy

   India's forex reserves cross USD 700 billion to a record¹⁹²⁰²¹

   India's forex reserves hit a record USD 709.413 billion in the week ended 23 January 2026, up USD 8.05 billion, according to RBI data released on 30 January.

   • Reserves USD 709.413 billion in week ended 23 January 2026, a record (previous high USD 704.89 billion in September 2024)
   • Rose by USD 8.053 billion in the week, led by gold (USD 123.088 billion) and foreign currency assets (USD 562.885 billion)
   • Reserves had crossed USD 700 billion in the prior week
8. 29 Jan2026
   Supreme Court

   Supreme Court stays UGC Equity Regulations 2026 after campus protests²²²³²⁴

   The Supreme Court on 29 January stayed the UGC (Promotion of Equity in Higher Education Institutions) Regulations 2026, calling them prima facie vague and open to misuse. The 2012 regulations stay in force meanwhile.

   • Stay ordered 29 January 2026 by a bench of CJI Surya Kant and Justice Joymalya Bagchi
   • Court called the regulations prima facie vague and open to misuse
   • Rule 3(1)(c), limiting caste discrimination to SC, ST and OBC, held in abeyance
   • 2012 UGC equity regulations continue under Article 142; notice returnable 19 March
9. 29 Jan2026
   Economy

   Economic Survey 2025-26 tabled, projects 6.8-7.2 percent growth for FY27²⁵²⁶²⁷

   Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman tabled the Economic Survey 2025-26. It put growth at about 7.4 percent for FY26 and projected 6.8 to 7.2 percent for 2026-27, with inflation inside the RBI band.

   • Tabled 29 January 2026
   • FY26 real GDP growth 7.4 percent (NSO first advance estimate)
   • FY27 projection 6.8 to 7.2 percent; potential growth about 7 percent
   • Prepared by the Chief Economic Adviser
10. 28 Jan2026
    Disasters

    Maharashtra Deputy CM Ajit Pawar dies in Learjet crash at Baramati²⁸²⁹³⁰

    A chartered Learjet 45 crashed while landing at Baramati on 28 January, killing Maharashtra Deputy Chief Minister Ajit Pawar and four others. Investigators later pointed to low visibility and airfield safety gaps.

    • Date: 28 January 2026, Learjet 45 (VT-SSK) of VSR Ventures crashed at Baramati
    • Maharashtra Deputy CM Ajit Pawar and four others killed
    • AAIB preliminary report (28 February 2026): visibility below the minimum for landing
    • Baramati has no met facility or navigational aids other than wind socks; runway markings faded
11. 28 Jan2026
    Polity

    Budget Session begins with President Murmu's address to Parliament³¹³²³³

    The Budget Session of Parliament opened on 28 January with the President's address to a joint sitting. It was planned in two parts, 28 January-13 February and 9 March-2 April, with 30 sittings.

    • Session began 28 January 2026
    • Two phases: 28 Jan-13 Feb and 9 Mar-2 Apr
    • 30 sittings
    • President addresses joint sitting under Article 87
12. 27 Jan2026
    International

    India and EU conclude landmark free trade agreement at 16th summit³⁴³⁵³⁶

    India and the European Union announced the conclusion of their free trade agreement negotiations on 27 January 2026 at the 16th India-EU Summit in New Delhi, creating what EU chief Ursula von der Leyen called a free trade zone of two billion people.

    • Conclusion announced 27 January 2026 at Hyderabad House, New Delhi, at the 16th India-EU Summit
    • Talks first launched in 2007
    • Goyal said about 99 percent of Indian exports are covered
    • Von der Leyen described a free trade zone of two billion people
    • Still needs ratification before entry into force
13. 27 Jan2026
    Environment

    Solid Waste Management Rules 2026 notified, replacing 2016 rules³⁷

    The environment ministry notified the Solid Waste Management Rules 2026 on 27 January 2026 under the Environment (Protection) Act 1986, replacing the 2016 rules from 1 April 2026 with mandatory four-stream segregation and extended producer responsibility.

    • Notified 27 January 2026 (S.O. 388(E)) under the Environment (Protection) Act 1986; effective 1 April 2026
    • Supersede the Solid Waste Management Rules 2016
    • Mandatory source segregation into wet, dry, sanitary and special care waste
    • Extended Producer Responsibility and polluter-pays environmental compensation
14. 26 Jan2026
    International

    Oman becomes 61st signatory of the Artemis Accords³⁸³⁹⁴⁰

    Oman signed the Artemis Accords on 26 January 2026, becoming the 61st country to join the US-led principles for civil space exploration.

    • Oman signed the Artemis Accords on 26 January 2026 in Muscat, the 61st signatory
    • Signed for Oman by transport and IT minister Said al-Maawali, at the Middle East Space Conference
    • US-led non-binding principles for civil space exploration
15. 26 Jan2026
    Sports

    Kalinga Lancers win Hockey India League title⁴¹⁴²

    Kalinga Lancers won the men's Hockey India League 2025-26 on 26 January for a second title, while SG Pipers took the women's crown.

    • Kalinga Lancers won the men's Hockey India League 2025-26, beating Ranchi Royals 3-2 in the final at Kalinga Stadium, Bhubaneswar (final scheduled 26 January 2026)
    • SG Pipers won the women's league title (final details not confirmed)
16. 26 Jan2026
    Polity

    EU leaders are chief guests at 77th Republic Day⁴³⁴⁴⁴⁵

    For the first time two EU leaders, Ursula von der Leyen and Antonio Costa, were joint chief guests at the 26 January parade on Kartavya Path. The parade theme marked 150 years of Vande Mataram, with 30 tableaux.

    • 77th Republic Day on 26 January 2026 at Kartavya Path
    • Chief guests: Ursula von der Leyen (European Commission) and Antonio Costa (European Council), reported as the first time two EU leaders attended
    • 30 tableaux from States/UTs and ministries, themed Swatantrata ka Mantra: Vande Mataram and Samriddhi ka Mantra: Aatmanirbhar Bharat
    • Theme: 150 years of Vande Mataram; tri-services tableau on Operation Sindoor
17. 25 Jan2026
    Awards

    Padma Awards 2026: 131 honours announced, Dharmendra among Padma Vibhushan⁴⁶⁴⁷⁴⁸

    The Centre announced 131 Padma Awards on 25 January: 5 Padma Vibhushan, 13 Padma Bhushan and 113 Padma Shri. Actor Dharmendra and former Kerala CM V.S. Achuthanandan were honoured posthumously with the Padma Vibhushan.

    • Announced 25 January 2026
    • Total 131: 5 Vibhushan, 13 Bhushan, 113 Shri
    • 19 women, 16 posthumous, 6 foreign or PIO/OCI
    • Padma Vibhushan: Dharmendra and V.S. Achuthanandan (posthumous), K.T. Thomas, N. Rajam, P. Narayanan
    • Padma Bhushan includes Alka Yagnik, Mammootty, Uday Kotak, Bhagat Singh Koshyari, Piyush Pandey (posthumous), Vijay Amritraj
    • Padma Shri includes Rohit Sharma and Harmanpreet Kaur
18. 25 Jan2026
    Other

    National Voters' Day marks founding of the Election Commission⁴⁹

    The 16th National Voters' Day was observed on 25 January with the theme 'My India, My Vote', marking the Election Commission's founding on that date in 1950.

    • 16th National Voters' Day observed 25 January 2026
    • Theme: My India, My Vote
    • Marks the foundation of the Election Commission of India on 25 January 1950
19. 25 Jan2026
    Obituaries

    Journalist Sir Mark Tully dies at 90⁵⁰⁵¹⁵²

    Veteran BBC journalist Sir Mark Tully, long-time chronicler of India, died on 25 January aged 90.

    • Died 25 January 2026 in New Delhi, aged 90
    • Joined BBC in 1965; New Delhi correspondent from 1971; ran the BBC South Asia bureau for over two decades; resigned in 1994
    • Knighted in 2002; received the Padma Shri and Padma Bhushan
    • Reported on the 1971 war, the 1984 Golden Temple siege and the 1992 Babri Masjid demolition
20. 23 Jan2026
    International

    Vietnam re-elects To Lam general secretary; Laos re-elects Thongloun^53545556

    Vietnam's Communist Party re-elected To Lam as general secretary on 23 January, after Laos had re-elected Thongloun Sisoulith as party leader on 8 January.

    • To Lam re-elected General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam on 23 January 2026 by the 14th Central Committee, at the end of the 14th Party Congress (19-23 January)
    • Thongloun Sisoulith re-elected General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party on 8 January 2026 at the 12th Party Congress; later re-elected state president (March 2026)
21. 23 Jan2026
    Awards

    Subhas Chandra Bose Aapda Prabandhan Puraskar 2026 announced⁵⁷

    India's top disaster-management award went to the Sikkim State Disaster Management Authority (Rs 51 lakh) and Lt Col Seeta Ashok Shelke (Rs 5 lakh), announced on Parakram Diwas.

    • 2026 award announced 23 January 2026 (Netaji's birth anniversary, Parakram Diwas)
    • Institutional category: Sikkim State Disaster Management Authority
    • Individual category: Lt Col Seeta Ashok Shelke (Wayanad 2024 landslide relief)
22. 23 Jan2026
    International

    Iliana Iotova becomes Bulgaria's first woman president⁵⁸⁵⁹⁶⁰

    After Rumen Radev resigned on 20 January, Vice President Iliana Iotova was sworn in on 23 January as Bulgaria's first female president.

    • President Rumen Radev announced his resignation on 19 January 2026; Bulgaria's Constitutional Court ruled it voluntary and ended his term early
    • Iliana Iotova, vice president since 2017, took over as president on 23 January 2026, the first woman to hold the office; no new oath was needed as she had sworn as vice president
    • Iotova is running for re-election in the October 2026 election
23. 22 Jan2026
    International

    US withdrawal from the World Health Organization takes effect⁶¹⁶²⁶³

    The United States formally left the WHO on 22 January 2026, a year after giving notice, becoming the first member state to exit the agency. The US had also announced on 7 January that it was leaving dozens of UN bodies, including IPCC and UNFCCC.

    • US exit from the WHO effective 22 January 2026, after a one-year notice period
    • 7 January 2026: US announced withdrawal from 66 international organisations (31 UN-affiliated, 35 non-UN), including the IPCC and UNFCCC
24. 22 Jan2026
    Awards

    Oscar nominations: Sinners sets record with 16⁶⁴⁶⁵⁶⁶

    Nominations for the 98th Academy Awards were announced on 22 January. Sinners received 16, the most ever for one film.

    • 98th Academy Award nominations announced 22 January 2026
    • Sinners received a record 16 nominations, beating the previous record of 14 shared by All About Eve, Titanic and La La Land
    • One Battle After Another followed with 13 nominations
25. 22 Jan2026
    Disasters

    Army vehicle falls into gorge in Doda, Jammu and Kashmir⁶⁷⁶⁸⁶⁹

    An Army Casspir vehicle skidded off the road and fell into a gorge in Doda district on 22 January. Early reports said four soldiers died, while later reports put the toll at 10.

    • Date: 22 January 2026, Doda district, Jammu and Kashmir
    • Army Casspir slipped off the Bhaderwah-Chamba road near Khanni Top into a gorge
    • Four dead at the spot, toll rose to 10; about 11 injured (counts vary by outlet)
    • Army said the vehicle slipped on treacherous terrain in bad weather
26. 21 Jan2026
    International

    Trump drops Greenland tariff threat on European countries⁷⁰⁷¹⁷²

    After weeks of tension over Greenland, with Denmark and France sending troops, Donald Trump said on 21 January he would cancel planned tariffs on eight European nations.

    • 21 January 2026: Trump cancelled planned tariffs on European countries over Greenland after meeting NATO chief Mark Rutte at Davos
    • Tariffs of 10 percent on eight countries (Denmark, Norway, Sweden, France, Germany, UK, Netherlands, Finland per one report) were due from 1 February
    • Trump cited a 'framework' on Arctic security and said the US would not use force to take Greenland
27. 20 Jan2026
    Polity

    Nitin Nabin elected BJP national president, party's youngest⁷³⁷⁴⁷⁵

    Nitin Nabin, a five-term Bihar MLA, was elected unopposed as BJP national president on 20 January, replacing J.P. Nadda. At 45 he is the party's youngest president and the first from Bihar.

    • Declared unopposed on 19 January 2026; elected and took charge on 20 January
    • Succeeds J P Nadda
    • Aged 45, reported as the youngest BJP national president
    • Five-term MLA from Bihar; Modi, Shah and Nadda among his proposers
28. 20 Jan2026
    Sports

    Khelo India Winter Games 2026 begin in Leh; Army retains ice hockey gold⁷⁶⁷⁷⁷⁸

    The Leh leg of the sixth Khelo India Winter Games ran 20-26 January in Ladakh, featuring ice hockey and, for the first time, figure skating. The Indian Army retained the men's ice hockey title.

    • Sixth Khelo India Winter Games, Ladakh leg in Leh, 20-26 January 2026
    • Ice hockey and figure skating; figure skating made its debut
    • Venues included the NDS Stadium, Army rink and Gupuk's Pond
    • Indian Army beat Himachal Pradesh 5-1 in an early men's ice hockey match
29. 20 Jan2026
    Environment

    India launches 6th All-India Tiger Estimation⁷⁹⁸⁰

    India began the sixth cycle of the All-India Tiger Estimation in January 2026. The previous (2022) cycle estimated an average of 3,682 tigers.

    • Sixth cycle of the All-India Tiger Estimation began January 2026
    • Phase I sign surveys Jan-Feb 2026, then camera trapping for 40-60 days and genetic sampling
    • Covers 58 tiger reserves
    • 2022 estimate: average 3,682 tigers (minimum 3,167), about 70 percent of the global wild tiger population
30. 19 Jan2026
    Reports and indices

    IMF January update projects India growth at 6.3 percent for 2026⁸¹⁸²⁸³

    The IMF's January 2026 World Economic Outlook update projected India's growth at 6.3 percent in 2026 and 6.5 percent in 2027, keeping it the fastest-growing major economy.

    • IMF January 2026 WEO Update released 19 January 2026
    • India projected at 6.4 percent in 2026 and 6.4 percent in 2027 (FY27 and FY28)
    • FY2025-26 estimate raised by 0.7 points to 7.3 percent
    • India still the fastest-growing major economy; global growth 3.3 percent (2026) and 3.2 percent (2027)
31. 19 Jan2026
    International

    WEF Davos 2026 meets under 'A Spirit of Dialogue'; India sends large delegation⁸⁴⁸⁵⁸⁶

    The WEF annual meeting ran 19-23 January in Davos with nearly 3,000 leaders from over 130 countries. India sent one of its largest delegations, with five chief ministers and four Union ministers.

    • WEF annual meeting in Davos-Klosters, 19-23 January 2026
    • Theme: A Spirit of Dialogue
    • Indian delegation: four Union ministers (Vaishnaw, Chouhan, Joshi, Rammohan Naidu), five or six chief ministers (reports differ), over 100 CEOs
    • About ten Indian states represented
32. 19 Jan2026
    International

    UAE President visits Delhi; India and UAE sign LoI on strategic defence partnership⁸⁷⁸⁸⁸⁹

    UAE President Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed made a brief visit to New Delhi on 19 January. The two countries signed a letter of intent on a strategic defence partnership, agreed to double trade, and cleared a long-term LNG supply deal.

    • Visit on 19 January 2026
    • Letter of Intent on a Strategic Defence Partnership, to lead to a framework agreement
    • Goal: double bilateral trade to USD 200 billion (about 2032)
    • ADNOC Gas to supply 0.5 mtpa LNG to HPCL for 10 years from 2028, valued about USD 2.5-3 billion
    • LoI between UAE and Government of Gujarat on investment cooperation; space and food safety documents also exchanged
33. 19 Jan2026
    Science and tech

    Strongest solar radiation storm since 2003 hits Earth⁹⁰⁹¹⁹²

    A major solar particle event on 19 January was the largest since the 2003 Halloween storms, producing widespread auroras.

    • An S4 (severe) solar radiation storm reached Earth on 19 January 2026, the strongest since October 2003
    • Triggered by an X1.9 flare on 18 January and a coronal mass ejection; it came with a G4 geomagnetic storm and low-latitude auroras
    • Effects are mainly on satellites, aviation and space launches; ground-level health risk negligible
34. 19 Jan2026
    Obituaries

    Fashion designer Valentino Garavani dies at 93^93949596

    Italian designer Valentino Garavani, founder of the Valentino fashion house, died on 19 January aged 93.

    • Italian designer Valentino Garavani died on 19 January 2026 aged 93 at his home in Rome
    • Founded the Valentino house in Rome in 1960 with Giancarlo Giammetti; known for 'Valentino red'
    • Funeral held 23 January at the Basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri, Rome
35. 19 Jan2026
    Reports and indices

    China's birth rate falls to 5.6 per thousand, a record low⁹⁷⁹⁸⁹⁹

    China's birth rate fell to 5.6 per 1,000 people in 2025, the lowest since records began in 1949.

    • NBS data released 19 January 2026: 2025 birth rate 5.63 per 1,000, the lowest since 1949
    • 7.92 million births in 2025, down from 9.54 million in 2024
    • Population fell by 3.39 million to 1.4049 billion, the fourth straight annual decline
36. 18 Jan2026
    Sports

    Senegal win Africa Cup of Nations after chaotic final in Morocco^100101102

    Senegal beat hosts Morocco 1-0 after extra time in the Africa Cup of Nations final in Rabat on 18 January 2026 for their second continental title, in a match marked by a VAR-reviewed penalty that Edouard Mendy saved.

    • Final on 18 January 2026 at Prince Moulay Abdellah Stadium, Rabat
    • Senegal 1, Morocco 0 after extra time; Pape Gueye scored in the 94th minute
    • Edouard Mendy saved a Brahim Diaz penalty after a VAR review
    • Sadio Mane named Player of the Tournament; Brahim Diaz Golden Boot with five goals; Yassine Bounou best goalkeeper
    • Senegal's second AFCON title
37. 18 Jan2026
    Sports

    India lose ODI series to New Zealand 1-2 but win T20Is 4-1^103104105

    New Zealand won the three-match ODI series 2-1, clinching at Indore on 18 January for their first bilateral ODI series win in India. India then won the five-match T20I series 4-1.

    • NZ won the three-match ODI series 2-1: India won at Vadodara, NZ won at Rajkot and Indore
    • Decider at Indore on 18 January 2026: NZ 337/8, India 296 all out, NZ won by 41 runs (Mitchell 137, Phillips 106, Kohli 124)
    • First bilateral ODI series win by NZ in India; Daryl Mitchell Player of the Series
    • India won the five-match T20I series 4-1, clinching on 31 January at Thiruvananthapuram; Suryakumar Yadav Player of the Series
38. 17 Jan2026
    Environment

    UN High Seas Treaty enters into force^106107108

    The UN High Seas Treaty, formally the Agreement on Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ), entered into force on 17 January 2026, 120 days after reaching 60 ratifications.

    • In force from 17 January 2026
    • 60 ratifications reached on 19 September 2025; about 81 parties by mid-January 2026
    • Official name: Agreement on Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ)
    • First Conference of the Parties must meet within a year of entry into force
39. 17 Jan2026
    Other

    PM Modi flags off India's first Vande Bharat sleeper train^109110111

    Prime Minister Modi flagged off the first Vande Bharat sleeper train on 17 January from Malda in West Bengal, running between Howrah and Guwahati (Kamakhya) with 16 coaches and a design speed of up to 180 km/h.

    • Flagged off 17 January 2026 from Malda Town by PM Modi
    • Route: Howrah to Guwahati (Kamakhya), trains 27575/27576, about 972 km
    • Designed for 180 km/h, expected to run at 120-130 km/h
    • Commercial service from 22-23 January 2026
40. 17 Jan2026
    International

    Museveni re-elected Uganda president for a seventh term^112113114

    Provisional results showed Yoweri Museveni re-elected on 17 January with 71.65 percent of the vote, ahead of Bobi Wine on 24.72 percent. The opposition disputed the result and unrest followed.

    • Uganda held its general election on 15 January 2026
    • Electoral Commission declared Yoweri Museveni winner on 17 January with 71.65 percent; Bobi Wine (Robert Kyagulanyi) 24.72 percent (2,741,238 votes)
    • Seventh term for Museveni, in power since 1986; the vote took place amid a nationwide internet shutdown
41. 17 Jan2026
    Disasters

    Fire at Karachi shopping mall kills dozens^115116117

    A massive fire at a multi-storey shopping mall in Karachi on 17 January killed at least 67 people by 22 January, with dozens missing in the first reports.

    • Fire broke out on the night of 17 January 2026 at Gul Plaza shopping mall, Karachi
    • Death toll reached 67 by 22 January (AP) and later 73 (Dawn); many more were listed as missing; over 1,100 shops destroyed
42. 17 Jan2026
    International

    EU and Mercosur sign free trade agreement after 25 years^118119120

    The European Union and the Mercosur bloc formally signed their trade agreement on 17 January after 25 years of talks, creating one of the world's largest free trade zones. The European Parliament later asked the Court of Justice for an opinion on it.

    • EU-Mercosur agreements signed 17 January 2026 in Asuncion (an EMPA and an interim trade agreement)
    • Negotiations lasted more than 25 years
    • European Parliament voted 334 to 324 (11 abstentions) on 21 January 2026 to ask the Court of Justice for an opinion
    • Parliament's consent vote must wait for the Court's opinion; Council and Commission still want provisional application
43. 16 Jan2026
    Economy

    SEBI notifies Mutual Funds Regulations 2026^121122123

    SEBI overhauled its 30-year-old mutual fund rulebook on 16 January with new Regulations 2026, effective 1 April 2026, introducing a performance-linked base expense ratio and a life-cycle funds category.

    • SEBI (Mutual Funds) Regulations 2026 notified in mid-January 2026 (16 January per SEBI listing; 14 January per some documents)
    • Effective 1 April 2026, replacing the 1996 regulations
    • Introduces a base expense ratio (with performance-linked charging subject to conditions)
    • Introduces life cycle funds with a predefined glide path
44. 16 Jan2026
    Schemes

    National Startup Day marks a decade of Startup India^124125126

    PM Modi marked ten years of Startup India on 16 January. Recognised startups crossed 2.09 lakh and created over 21 lakh jobs, according to the government.

    • Startup India launched 16 January 2016; decade marked 16 January 2026 at Bharat Mandapam
    • DPIIT-recognised startups over 2 lakh (about 2.09 lakh by December 2025)
45. 16 Jan2026
    Schemes

    Government says full immunisation coverage reaches 98.4 percent¹²⁷

    India's full immunisation coverage rose from 62 percent in 2015 to 98.4 percent by January 2026, with a national HPV drive and an indigenous Td vaccine planned for 2026.

    • Health Ministry fact-sheet: full immunisation coverage rose from 62 percent (2015) to 98.4 percent (January 2026)
    • Zero-dose children fell from 0.11 percent (2023) to 0.06 percent (2024)
    • Indigenous Td vaccine launched 21 February 2026 (CRI Kasauli)
    • National HPV vaccination campaign for 14-year-old girls launched 28 February 2026
46. 16 Jan2026
    International

    Canada and China agree trade deal cutting EV and canola tariffs^128129130

    Canada and China struck a trade agreement on 16 January after a Beijing summit, lowering Canadian tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles and Chinese duties on Canadian canola seed.

    • Canada and China announced a trade deal in Beijing on 16 January 2026 after talks between PM Mark Carney and Xi Jinping
    • Canada will admit up to 49,000 Chinese EVs a year at a 6.1 percent tariff, instead of 100 percent
    • China is expected to cut its tariff on Canadian canola seed to about 15 percent from 84 percent by 1 March; relief also for canola meal, lobsters, crabs and peas
47. 15 Jan2026
    Science and tech

    NASA Crew-11 returns early in first ISS medical evacuation^131132133

    The four members of NASA's Crew-11 left the ISS and splashed down on 15 January, a month early, after the first-ever medical evacuation from the station.

    • Splashdown 15 January 2026 in the Pacific off San Diego, California
    • Crew-11: Zena Cardman, Mike Fincke (NASA), Kimiya Yui (JAXA), Oleg Platonov (Roscosmos)
    • Returned about a month early after a medical concern with a crew member (NASA did not name the person)
    • First time a medical issue cut short a NASA ISS mission
48. 15 Jan2026
    Economy

    India's trade data for December 2025: merchandise exports USD 38.5 billion, deficit USD 25 billion^134135136137

    Total exports of goods and services in December 2025 were USD 74.01 billion against imports of USD 80.94 billion, with the April-December merchandise deficit at USD 248.32 billion.

    • Commerce Ministry data released 15 January 2026: merchandise exports for December 2025 rose 1.87 percent to USD 38.5 billion
    • Merchandise imports USD 63.55 billion; trade deficit about USD 25.04 billion
    • Including services, total exports were about USD 74.01 billion and imports USD 80.94 billion
    • April-December 2025 merchandise exports rose 2.44 percent to USD 330.29 billion
49. 15 Jan2026
    Defence

    78th Army Day parade held at Jaipur, first outside a cantonment^138139140

    The 78th Army Day was marked at Jagatpura in Jaipur on 15 January, the first parade held outside a cantonment. The theme was Year of Networking and Data Centricity.

    • 78th Army Day parade on 15 January 2026 at Jagatpura, Jaipur
    • First Army Day parade held outside a cantonment (fourth outside Delhi after Bengaluru 2023, Lucknow 2024, Pune 2025)
    • Army's 2026 theme: Year of Networking and Data Centricity
    • Debut of the Bhairav Battalion (drone-enabled, multi-domain unit)
50. 14 Jan2026
    Reports and indices

    WEF Global Risks Report 2026 flags misinformation and geoeconomic confrontation¹⁴¹¹⁴²

    The World Economic Forum released its Global Risks Report 2026 on 14 January 2026, ahead of the Davos meeting. For the first time geoeconomic confrontation topped the near-term risk ranking.

    • Released 14 January 2026
    • Geoeconomic confrontation ranked top near-term (2026) risk for the first time
    • Followed by interstate conflict, extreme weather, societal polarisation, and misinformation and disinformation (fifth)
    • Environmental risks remain the most serious over the 10-year horizon
51. 14 Jan2026
    Appointments

    New heads named for BSF, ITBP and NIA^143144145

    The government appointed Praveen Kumar as BSF Director General, Shatrujeet Singh Kapoor as ITBP DG and Rakesh Aggarwal as NIA Director General on 14 January.

    • ACC approved the appointments on 14 January 2026 (MHA orders dated 15 January)
    • Praveen Kumar (1993 IPS) as DG BSF until 30 September 2030; he was ITBP chief
    • Shatrujeet Singh Kapoor (1990 IPS, Haryana cadre) as DG ITBP until 31 October 2026
    • Rakesh Aggarwal (1994 IPS, Himachal cadre) as DG NIA until 31 August 2028
52. 14 Jan2026
    Reports and indices

    India climbs to 80th in Henley Passport Index 2026^146147148

    India rose five places to 80th in the Henley Passport Index 2026 released on 14 January, with visa-free, on-arrival or e-visa access to about 55 destinations.

    • Henley Passport Index January 2026 edition released 14 January 2026
    • India ranked 80th, up five places from 85th
    • Access to 55 destinations visa-free or on arrival (57 in 2025)
    • Singapore first with access to 192 of 227 destinations
53. 14 Jan2026
    Environment

    Copernicus ranks 2025 as third-warmest year on record^149150151

    The Copernicus Climate Change Service reported on 14 January that 2025 was the third-warmest year, completing the first three-year span with average temperatures at least 1.5 C above pre-industrial levels.

    • Reported 14 January 2026
    • 2025 was the third-warmest year, 1.47 C above pre-industrial (0.01 C below 2023, 0.13 C below 2024)
    • 2023-2025 was the first three-year period to average more than 1.5 C above pre-industrial
    • 2025 on its own did not exceed 1.5 C
54. 13 Jan2026
    International

    Iran protests escalate with internet blackout and mounting death toll^152153154

    Mass protests over living costs in Iran grew through January, met with force and a near-total internet shutdown. Rights groups reported deaths in the thousands, and figures were disputed.

    • Protests began late December 2025 over living costs
    • Near-total internet blackout from 8 January 2026 (NetBlocks)
    • Death toll disputed: over 2,000 reported around 13 January, HRANA 3,090 verified by 17 January, Iranian state TV 3,117 on 21 January; later rights-group counts above 6,000
    • EU foreign ministers agreed on 29 January to designate the IRGC a terrorist organisation
55. 13 Jan2026
    International

    German Chancellor Merz makes first India visit; 19 documents signed^155156157

    German Chancellor Friedrich Merz made his first official visit to India on 12-13 January 2026, with talks with PM Modi in Gujarat and a Bengaluru leg. The joint statement lists agreements in defence and security, critical minerals, emerging technologies, renewable energy and more.

    • Visit dates: 12-13 January 2026; Merz's first official visit to India
    • Ahmedabad (Sabarmati Ashram, kite festival) and Gandhinagar talks on 12 January, then Bengaluru
    • MoUs and agreements across defence and security, trade, critical minerals, emerging technologies, renewable energy; MoU on Lothal National Maritime Heritage Complex
56. 12 Jan2026
    Science and tech

    ISRO's PSLV-C62 fails to reach orbit, second PSLV failure in a row^158159160

    PSLV-C62 lifted off from Sriharikota on 12 January but deviated near the end of third-stage burn and missed orbit, losing the DRDO's EOS-N1 and other satellites. It followed the PSLV-C61 failure in May 2025.

    • Launch date: 12 January 2026 from Sriharikota
    • Anomaly in the third stage (PS3); no satellite reached its intended orbit
    • EOS-N1 (Anvesha) among 16 satellites lost
    • Second consecutive PSLV failure, after PSLV-C61 in May 2025, both in the third stage
    • ISRO said detailed analysis initiated
57. 12 Jan2026
    Economy

    CPI inflation for December 2025 at 1.33 percent, last on 2012 base^161162163

    Retail inflation rose to 1.33 percent in December 2025 from 0.7 percent in November, as food deflation eased. It was the last reading on the 2012 base before a new series.

    • December 2025 CPI inflation: 1.33 percent (provisional), up from 0.71 percent in November
    • Rural 0.76 percent, urban 2.03 percent
    • Food inflation about -2.71 percent, negative for the seventh straight month
    • Last release on the 2012=100 base; new series with base 2024 from January 2026 data
58. 12 Jan2026
    Legislation

    National Sports Governance Rules 2026 notified^164165166

    The sports ministry notified the National Sports Governance (National Sports Bodies) Rules 2026 under the National Sports Governance Act 2025, covering eligibility and disqualification of office-bearers.

    • Notified 12 January 2026 under the National Sports Governance Act 2025
    • Covers General Body and Executive Committee composition, election procedure and disqualification of office-bearers
    • At least four Sportspersons of Outstanding Merit in General Bodies, with 50 percent women SOMs
    • Separate National Sports Board and Tribunal rules came later in May 2026
59. 11 Jan2026
    Science and tech

    NASA launches Pandora exoplanet telescope on Falcon 9^167168169

    NASA launched its small Pandora space telescope on 11 January on a Falcon 9 to study exoplanet atmospheres, alongside two CubeSat telescopes.

    • NASA's Pandora exoplanet smallsat launched on 11 January 2026 on a SpaceX Falcon 9 'Twilight' rideshare from Vandenberg Space Force Base, with about 40 payloads
    • Yearlong mission to study at least 20 known exoplanets and their host stars with a 45 cm telescope
    • Led by NASA Goddard; selected in 2021 under the Astrophysics Pioneers programme
60. 11 Jan2026
    Awards

    Golden Globes 2026: One Battle After Another and Hamnet win top film awards^170171172

    At the 83rd Golden Globes on 11 January, Hamnet won best drama film and One Battle After Another won best comedy or musical, along with best director and screenplay.

    • 83rd Golden Globes held on 11 January 2026, hosted by Nikki Glaser
    • Best motion picture, drama: Hamnet; best motion picture, musical or comedy: One Battle After Another
    • One Battle After Another also won director and screenplay for Paul Thomas Anderson; The Pitt won best drama series
61. 9 Jan2026
    Other

    Pravasi Bharatiya Divas observed on 9 January¹⁷³

    Pravasi Bharatiya Divas was observed on 9 January, marking the overseas Indian community's contribution and Gandhi's return from South Africa in 1915.

    • Pravasi Bharatiya Divas is observed on 9 January, marking Mahatma Gandhi's return from South Africa in 1915
    • The 18th convention was held in Bhubaneswar in January 2025; no full convention in 2026 (biennial since 2015)
62. 9 Jan2026
    Defence

    DRDO tests full-scale actively cooled scramjet combustor for over 1,000 seconds¹⁷⁴

    DRDO's Hyderabad laboratory DRDL ran the first ignition trial of a full-scale actively cooled scramjet combustor in January 2026, with a run time of over 700 seconds, a step towards hypersonic cruise missiles.

    • January 2026 ground test of a full-scale actively cooled scramjet combustor by DRDL, Hyderabad
    • Run time over 700 seconds (more than 12 minutes); earlier 1,000 s test in April 2025 was on a subscale combustor
    • A 1,200 second run followed on 9 May 2026
    • Supports hypersonic cruise missile development
63. 7 Jan2026
    Economy

    NSO first advance estimates put FY26 GDP growth at 7.4 percent¹⁷⁵¹⁷⁶

    The NSO's first advance estimates released on 7 January projected real GDP growth of 7.4 percent for 2025-26, up from 6.5 percent in 2024-25, with gross value added up 7.3 percent.

    • Released 7 January 2026
    • FY26 real GDP growth 7.4 percent vs 6.5 percent in FY25
    • Gross value added growth 7.3 percent
    • Services strongest, agriculture about 3.1 percent
64. 7 Jan2026
    Obituaries

    Ecologist Madhav Gadgil dies at 83^177178179

    Madhav Gadgil, ecologist who chaired the Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel, died on 7 January aged 83.

    • Died on the night of 7 January 2026 in Pune, aged 83
    • Chaired the Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel constituted by the environment ministry in 2010 (report 2011)
    • Founded the Centre for Ecological Sciences at IISc Bengaluru; UN Champions of the Earth award in 2024
65. 7 Jan2026
    Legislation

    Draft Pesticides Management Bill 2025 released for public comments^180181182

    The agriculture ministry released a draft Pesticide Management Bill to replace the Insecticides Act 1968 and set up a Central Pesticides Board and a Registration Committee.

    • Agriculture Ministry released the draft Pesticides Management Bill, 2025 in early January 2026 (reported 7 January) and invited comments until 4 February 2026
    • It would replace the Insecticides Act 1968 and Insecticides Rules 1971
    • Provides for mandatory lab accreditation, higher penalties for spurious pesticides and decriminalisation of petty offences; a Central Pesticides Board to be constituted within six months of commencement
66. 6 Jan2026
    Obituaries

    Suresh Kalmadi, former IOA president and MP, dies^183184185

    Suresh Kalmadi, former Lok Sabha MP and president of the Indian Olympic Association, died on 6 January aged 81. He chaired the 2010 Commonwealth Games organising committee.

    • Died 6 January 2026 in Pune, aged 81
    • IOA president from 1996 for over a decade
    • Chaired the organising committee of the 2010 Delhi Commonwealth Games; arrested by the CBI in April 2011 over CWG contracts and later cleared in most cases per Congress
67. 5 Jan2026
    Defence

    Coast Guard inducts ICGS Samudra Pratap, its largest ship^186187188

    The Indian Coast Guard commissioned ICGS Samudra Pratap at Goa on 5 January 2026. It is the first indigenously designed and built pollution control vessel and measures 114.5 m.

    • Commissioned 5 January 2026 by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh at Goa (not 23 December 2025)
    • Built by Goa Shipyard Limited, first of two pollution control vessels
    • Length 114.5 m
    • First indigenously designed and built pollution control vessel for the Coast Guard
68. 3 Jan2026
    International

    US forces capture Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro^189190191

    The United States struck targets around Caracas on 3 January and captured Nicolas Maduro and his wife, flying them to the US to face drug trafficking charges. Vice president Delcy Rodriguez became acting president.

    • 3 January 2026: US forces struck around Caracas and captured President Nicolas Maduro and his wife Cilia Flores
    • Maduro pleaded not guilty on 5 January in a New York federal court to four counts including narco-terrorism conspiracy
    • Vice president Delcy Rodriguez sworn in as interim president on 5 January
    • Judge Alvin Hellerstein held both; next hearing set for 17 March
69. 3 Jan2026
    Sports

    Luke Littler retains PDC World Darts Championship^192193194

    Luke Littler beat Gian van Veen 7-1 on 3 January to win a second straight PDC World Darts Championship.

    • Luke Littler beat Gian van Veen 7-1 in the PDC World Darts Championship final at Alexandra Palace on 3 January 2026
    • Second consecutive title; first back-to-back champion since Gary Anderson (2016)
    • Littler averaged 106.02 and finished with a 147 checkout; first prize GBP 1 million
70. 3 Jan2026
    International

    Equatorial Guinea's capital moves to Ciudad de la Paz^195196197198

    Equatorial Guinea officially made the new planned city of Ciudad de la Paz its capital on 2 January, replacing Malabo.

    • President Teodoro Obiang signed a decree on Saturday 3 January 2026 making Ciudad de la Paz, in Djibloho province, the capital in place of Malabo
    • State bodies and public enterprises must move within one year; the decree does not say whether embassies will relocate
    • Plan dates back to 2008; the city is still being built
71. 2 Jan2026
    Disasters

    Contaminated water outbreak in Indore kills at least 14^199200201

    Contaminated drinking water in Indore, Madhya Pradesh, reported from late December 2025 into January 2026 caused diarrhoea cases and deaths, with the toll disputed. A state report said 23 deaths were reported, 16 of them linked to the water, while unofficial counts reached about 30.

    • Outbreak reported from late December 2025 into January 2026 in Indore (Bhagirathpura area)
    • Officials said sewage from a leak entered a drinking-water pipeline
    • State government report: 23 deaths reported, 16 linked to contaminated water; unofficial count about 30 by 29 January
    • More than 140 hospitalised in early reports, and a minister said 1,400-1,500 people were affected
72. 2 Jan2026
    Economy

    BYD overtakes Tesla as world's top EV seller for 2025^202203204

    BYD sold 2.26 million vehicles in 2025, edging past Tesla to become the world's best-selling electric vehicle maker, the company reported on 2 January.

    • BYD sold 2,254,714 battery-electric vehicles in 2025, up 27.9 percent, overtaking Tesla (1,636,129 deliveries) as the world's top EV seller for the first time
    • BYD's total sales including plug-in hybrids were about 4.55 million; overseas sales passed 1 million for the first time
73. 1 Jan2026
    Economy

    Gross GST collection for December 2025 at Rs 1.75 lakh crore^205206207

    Gross GST collections for December 2025 were Rs 1.75 lakh crore, up 6.1 percent year on year, after the two-slab GST 2.0 rate changes took effect in September.

    • Gross GST collections for December 2025: about Rs 1.74 lakh crore (Rs 1,74,550 crore), up 6.1 percent year on year
    • Domestic revenue up 1.2 percent; import GST up 19.7 percent
    • Net GST about Rs 1.45 lakh crore, up 2.2 percent
    • Slowdown followed GST 2.0 rate cuts effective 22 September 2025
74. 1 Jan2026
    International

    Switzerland's Guy Parmelin takes office as Federal President for 2026^208209210

    Guy Parmelin was sworn in as President of the Swiss Confederation on 1 January 2026, succeeding Karin Keller-Sutter.

    • Guy Parmelin took office as President of the Swiss Confederation on 1 January 2026, succeeding Karin Keller-Sutter
    • Elected by Parliament in December 2025 with 203 of 210 valid votes; he also keeps the economy portfolio
    • The presidency rotates annually among the seven Federal Council members; Ignazio Cassis is due in 2027
75. 1 Jan2026
    Legislation

    Ministry of Mines releases draft MMDR Amendment Bill 2026 for public consultation^211212213

    A notice dated 1 January 2026 invited public comments on a draft Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Bill, 2026 from the Ministry of Mines (not Coal). The Bill was introduced in Lok Sabha on 10 August and passed by Parliament on 13 August 2026.

    • Notice for public consultation on the draft MMDR Amendment Bill 2026 is dated 1 January 2026; issued by the Ministry of Mines
    • Coverage says the Bill aims to boost critical mineral exploration
    • Bill introduced in Lok Sabha on 10 August 2026 and passed by Parliament on 13 August 2026

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